ACE Inhibitors vs ARBs: PTCB Exam Comparison Guide

ACE Inhibitors Overview

ACE inhibitors block angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing blood pressure and protecting the heart and kidneys. Common examples include lisinopril, benazepril, and ramipril. The hallmark side effect is a persistent dry cough caused by bradykinin accumulation.

These medications are first-line therapy for hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. They are contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic effects.

ARBs as an Alternative

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) like losartan (Cozaar) and valsartan (Diovan) end in "-sartan." They block the same pathway but at a different point, which means they do not cause a dry cough. ARBs are often prescribed when patients cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.

Both drug classes can cause hyperkalemia, so potassium levels should be monitored. Neither should be combined without specialist oversight.

PTCB Exam Tips

Remember: "-pril" means ACE inhibitor, "-sartan" means ARB. Practice identifying these suffixes with our flashcard sets and take a mini exam to test your recall under timed conditions.