Types of Shock
Hypovolemic shock results from fluid or blood loss. Cardiogenic shock arises from pump failure, obstructive shock from physical blockage such as tension pneumothorax or tamponade, and distributive shock from vasodilation as in sepsis, anaphylaxis, or neurogenic shock. Each type requires a tailored response.
Classes of Hemorrhage
Class I is under 15 percent blood loss with minimal changes. Class II is 15 to 30 percent and shows tachycardia and anxiety. Class III is 30 to 40 percent, with hypotension and confusion, and Class IV is over 40 percent, which is immediately life-threatening.
Recognizing Compensation
Children and young adults compensate well and then crash suddenly. Narrow pulse pressure, delayed capillary refill, and tachycardia are early clues. Hypotension is a late sign that indicates decompensation.