Anatomic Differences
Children have larger heads, softer bones, and less protective body fat. Internal organ injuries can occur without obvious external signs. The large occiput can flex the neck when supine, so padding behind the shoulders helps align the airway.
Physiologic Differences
Children maintain blood pressure until they have lost a large volume of blood, then decompensate abruptly. Heart rate, skin color, and capillary refill are earlier warning signs. They also lose heat quickly because of a high body surface area to mass ratio.
Child Abuse Awareness
Be alert to injuries inconsistent with the stated mechanism, delayed care, and injuries in various stages of healing. Document objectively and report according to local law. Communicate concerns to the receiving team.