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Cardiology

Compression Quality: Rate, Depth, Recoil, and Fraction

Small details in CPR technique make a big difference in survival.

November 7, 2024

Rate and Depth

Push hard and fast at 100 to 120 compressions per minute. In adults, compress at least 2 inches. In children, compress about one-third of the chest depth, approximately 2 inches, and in infants about 1.5 inches. Use the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum for adults.

Recoil and Interruptions

Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions, because leaning on the chest reduces venous return and coronary perfusion. Limit pauses, and aim for a chest compression fraction above 60 percent, with a target near 80 percent or higher.

Team Techniques

Switch compressors every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue, using the pause for rhythm analysis. Use a firm surface, and do not stop for ventilation if an advanced airway is in place. Ventilate once every 6 seconds during continuous compressions with an advanced airway.

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