How CPAP Works
CPAP delivers constant pressure throughout the respiratory cycle, which keeps alveoli open, improves gas exchange, and pushes fluid out of the alveolar space. It can reduce the need for intubation in patients with congestive heart failure and COPD exacerbations.
Indications
Consider CPAP for alert patients who are breathing spontaneously and have severe respiratory distress with signs such as wheezing or crackles, low oxygen saturation, and accessory muscle use. The patient must be able to follow commands and protect their own airway.
Contraindications and Monitoring
Do not use CPAP on patients who are unresponsive, vomiting, hypotensive, or who have a suspected pneumothorax. Explain the procedure to ease anxiety, and monitor oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and mental status. If the patient tires or worsens, switch to BVM ventilation.