Recognizing Asthma
Asthma causes airway inflammation and bronchospasm, producing wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. A silent chest in a patient who is struggling to breathe is an ominous sign, because it means little air is moving.
Treatment Approach
Provide high-flow oxygen, position the patient comfortably, and assist with a prescribed metered-dose inhaler or nebulized albuterol according to local protocol. Check that the medication belongs to the patient, is the right drug, and is not expired. Reassess lung sounds, work of breathing, and heart rate after treatment.
Warning Signs
Fatigue, inability to speak, cyanosis, and altered mental status indicate impending respiratory failure. Prepare to assist ventilations and request advanced life support. Watch for side effects such as tachycardia and tremors after bronchodilator administration.