Rule Out Medical Causes
Hypoglycemia, hypoxia, head injury, and drug intoxication can all look like psychiatric illness. Check vital signs and blood glucose before assuming a behavioral cause. Never attribute symptoms to mental illness until medical causes are considered.
De-escalation
Speak calmly, keep a safe distance, and position yourself near an exit. Avoid threatening postures and listen without arguing. Involve law enforcement early when there is a risk of violence.
Restraint Safety
Use restraints only when necessary and in accordance with protocol. Never restrain a patient prone, as this risks positional asphyxia. Check circulation distal to restraints and monitor breathing continuously.