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Altered Mental Status: The AEIOU TIPS Differential

Use a memory aid to build a broad differential for confused or unresponsive patients.

February 11, 2025

Breaking Down the Mnemonic

AEIOU TIPS stands for alcohol, epilepsy, insulin, overdose, uremia, trauma, infection, psychosis, and stroke. It helps you avoid anchoring on a single cause. Each letter prompts specific questions and checks.

Rapid Checks

Always check blood glucose, oxygen saturation, and vital signs early. Look for head injury, medical alert jewelry, and medication bottles. Consider hypoxia, hypoperfusion, and hypercarbia as common but reversible causes.

Treat What You Find

Treat hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and opioid overdose first because they are quickly reversible. Protect the airway and monitor closely. Provide a thorough report to the receiving facility so they can continue the work-up.

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