Key Concepts
Yalom identified 11 therapeutic factors in group therapy: instillation of hope, universality, altruism, imparting information, corrective recapitulation of the primary family group, development of socializing techniques, imitative behavior, interpersonal learning, group cohesiveness, catharsis, and existential factors
Tuckman's group stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
Group leadership styles include autocratic (directive), democratic (collaborative), and laissez-faire (hands-off)
Types of groups include psychoeducational, counseling/therapy, support, task, and process groups
Group screening and selection are essential for creating a cohesive and effective group
Confidentiality in groups cannot be guaranteed by the leader since members are not bound by the same ethical codes
Co-leadership in groups can model healthy relationships and provide multiple perspectives but requires coordination and communication between leaders
Why This Matters for the Exam
Group counseling is one of the 8 CACREP content areas tested on the NCE and receives significant coverage. Expect questions about Yalom's therapeutic factors (know all 11), group stages (Tuckman's model is most tested), leadership styles, types of groups, and ethical considerations specific to group work. The ASWB exams also test group work knowledge.
Study Tips
Memorize Yalom's 11 therapeutic factors and be able to identify which factor is illustrated in a scenario. Know Tuckman's stages and the characteristics of each stage. Understand the ethical considerations unique to group work, especially regarding confidentiality. Practice questions that describe group dynamics and ask you to identify the stage or the appropriate leader intervention.